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Developing noun phrases in Spanish and English

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“Dada!” “Mama!” “¡Papá!” “¡Mamá!”

A child’s first word is a momentous occasion. As it should be! Today, we scramble for cell phones, share videos with relatives around the world, and wait to find out what word number two will be. It is an exciting time in the child and parents’ lives. As the months stretch on, the child learns more words and her vocabulary grows. Now she can say: 

“Dada!” “milk” “want” “no” “ball”

Individually, the child can communicate a variety of meanings with just five words. If she says “want” when there is a piece of fruit on the table, her parents know that she would like to eat the fruit. “No” by itself can turn down and number of activities suggested by a parent and “ball” can signal playtime. Once she has enough words in her repertoire, the trick is compiling them together in meaningful and well-structured phrases.

When she says “milk” by itself, she could be thirsty or she could be pointing out a familiar object. If she says “want milk” it becomes clear that the interpretation should be the former; she would like to drink the milk. Although few adults would agree that “want milk” is an acceptable English sentence. (Imagine using it to order a latte at a café!) Yet for children, it’s the way they explore creating phrases for the first time and it’s perfectly normal. It’s an exciting step in language development.

Looking from afar, the formula for building sentences is simple. Take some words that have the meaning you want, add them together in a way that is permissible in your language, and there you go! When we look closer, it gets a bit more complicated for these young language learners. They have to take the meaningful words like “want” and “milk” and tie them together with function words like “I” and “the”. Together “I want the milk” becomes a well-formed, English sentence.

 One way linguists gauge a child’s progress in language development is by measuring the Mean Length of Utterance (MLU). This is done by counting the meaning-bearing parts of each phrase or utterance. For example, “ball” would have an MLU of one, “want ball” would have an MLU of two, and “want balls” would have an MLU of 3 because “ball” carries the meaning of the round toy and the plural marker “-s” signifies that there are more than one. Overtime, MLUs grow in length as children’s vocabulary and language structure skills grow. Children don’t start off spitting out full, complex sentences, but they build them up slowly over time (adding about 1.25 units per year) and different children increase their MLUs at different rates [3]. So parents, have patience and keep talking to your child. Don’t be alarmed if siblings develop utterances in different ways.

Looking at noun phrases in English and Spanish, we can see that they differ quite a bit and children need to have acquired some function words, like “the” or el/la to produce adult-like noun phrases. In English, we put the definite article “the” first followed by the adjective (if there is one) and then the noun, e.g. “the red ball”. In Spanish, we also start with the article, followed by the noun, and the adjective often comes last, e.g. la pelota roja. Additionally, in Spanish, we have the added feature of grammatical gender. All Spanish nouns are either assigned feminine or masculine gender and the article and coordinating adjectives must agree with the gender marked on that noun. To say the “the red ball” in Spanish, “ball” pelota has feminine gender so the article must be la and the adjective must end in –a, roja “red”.

In both Spanish and English, plurals (most often) are formed by adding –s to the ends of nouns. We can have one “ball” and pelota or two “balls” and pelotas. In English, this has no bearing on the article or the adjective. “the” and “red” do not change whether we use the singular “ball” or the plural “balls”, but in Spanish, the article and adjective must agree with the noun to form la pelota roja “the red ball” and las pelotas rojas “the red balls”. While it may seem as though grammatical gender and plurality complicate noun phrases in Spanish, native speakers are very good at acquiring these patterns and using them to produce well-formed noun phrases. 

In the beginning, children may not be producing noun phrases, preferring to use bare nouns like “ball” instead of “the ball”, but they are listening when parents produce these sentences and are slowly learning to incorporate them in their own speech. When listening to Spanish they can pay attention to the sound endings, the feminine –a­ at the end of pelota compared to the masculine –o at the end of queso “cheese”, the distribution of these sounds in the speech stream, and the way they function in sentences. These three aspects will help them learn and use grammatical gender in their speech later on [1].

As they are developing their understanding of ways to make good noun phrases, children may use article-like elements that are marked for proper grammatical gender when they are in the two word stage. Instead of using la with feminine words like la pelota or el with masculine words as in el queso, the child might say a pelota or e queso. This shows the beginnings of grammatical gender development in Spanish speakers and bilingual children. Additionally, if they use an adjective, they may make it agree with the noun in gender even if there is no article present, such as in the feminine phrase mamá linda “pretty mama” [2]. These types of categories that play a more functional role in language, such as plural and grammatical gender markers, may be appear at different times in the language learning process for different languages. What is important, as always, is for parents to give their children plenty of good input and overtime, the children will be able to use these elements of speech effectively.

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References

[1] Mariscal, S. (2008). Early acquisition of gender agreement in the Spanish noun phrase: starting small. Journal of Child Language, 35, 1-29.

[2] Montrul, S. (2004). The Acquisition of Spanish. Morphosyntactic Development in Monolingual and Bilingual L1 Acquisition and in Adult L2 Acquisition. [Series on Language Acquisition and Language Disorders]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

[3] O’Grady, W. (2005). How Children Learn Language. [Cambridge Approaches to Linguistics]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Infants build a complex sound system

6 Things that Make a Good Children's Song

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Follow this rule: If you think it’s bad, it probably is…

Photo by  Philippe Put

Most parents of pre-school children would agree there is surprisingly little information or guidance on the internet as to what constitutes a quality children's song. Perhaps most important for parents, is which music should one be playing to small children and why.

A quick search on the internet would reveal a large number of children music creators, and a quick listen would reveal several common denominators. For starters, a lot of content are new renditions and tweaks of already existing, well known children's songs. One will also notice the lyrics and music tend to be extremely simple, and the simple explanation is they are "for children" - but is that really what children need or want? Or is it rather a reflection of what we believe they can understand?

For good or worse, young children are no sophisticated judges of musical craftsmanship, although to some parents it is apparent that there are some songs their young ones favor over others (hint: "let it gooooo"...).Not unlike the rest of us, children succumb to catchy "hooks". A great deal of musicians would agree that a good hook is an element of a good song, and one that would capture a greater audience. From a parent's perspective, catchy songs would be a complete win-win (children- parents) if the songs went beyond entertainment and actually contributed to their children development.

That music is beneficial to your child remains a fact. According to Diane Bales, Associate Professor at University of Georgia, listening to any kind of music helps build music-related pathways in the brain, plus music can have positive effects on children's moods that may make learning easier⁽¹⁾. But, what music should they listen too? Here is a summarized list of tips from reliable sources:

1. Expose your child to many different musical selections of various styles (1), and remember to actively listen to music. While having music playing in the background is extremely helpful, it is also important for your child to attend to and interact with music regularly ⁽²⁾.
2. Use upbeat popular music to motivate learning, especially songs with lyrics that encourage positive thinking ⁽⁴⁾.
3. When picking songs, remember that to get the full benefits of music, children need to sing, clap and dance along with the tunes. Singing and moving to music tells the brain to make meaning of it, a cognitive process called audiation ⁽⁵⁾.
4. Favor the complexity and tonal quality of classical music. Babies as young as 3 months can pick out the structure of classical music and even recognize classical music selections they have heard before. Researchers think the complexity of classical music is what primes the brain to solve spatial problems more quickly. ⁽¹⁾
5. Kids’ music that is geared toward children is not necessarily very healthy music for children to be listening to. Follow this rule: If you think it’s bad, it probably is. ⁽⁵⁾
6. "Lastly, remember that music is one of life’s most meaningful experiences. It is a uniquely human experience, and as such it should never be forced on a child. Instead, make music a part of everyday life that improves everything we do. If you instill this value in your child at a young age, they will be grateful when they’re older as they continue to explore a relationship with music."⁽²⁾

Kids' Candor's library of original bilingual songs addresses important needs in this space by 1) challenging children's intellect with its educative content and bilingualism and 2) providing quality music that is both diverse and catchy for both kids and grown-ups. And there is a plus: according to James Adler ⁽³⁾, an active composer and performer of children music in New York City, "Most Kid's Candor's songs reflect the musical nuance quality also found in classical compositions".

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(1) Bales, D. (1998). Building Baby's Brain: The Role of Music. Athens, GA: University of Georgia, College of Family and Consumer Sciences.

(2) Creating a Musical Home Environment by Dr. Robert A. Cutietta,Dean of the University of Southern California Thornton School of Music.

(3) James Adler, classically trained children music composer and performer. Lives in New York City and is the creator of The Munchkin Music Club. http://themunchkinmusicclub.com/.

(4) Boost Memory and Learning with Music by Cheri Lucas, Education.com

(5) What Music Should My Child Listen To? By Laura Lewis Brown, PB

Children Need Human Interaction for Optimal Language Development: Kids’ Candor Makes It Easier

Language development begins at birth. Although tiny babies are not speaking yet, they are learning a lot about communication by listening and interacting with others. They need human human interaction for optimal language development. This is also true for learning more than one language.

What can a monolingual like me do to encourage the development of another language?

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There’s a joke that goes something like this: If someone who speaks many languages is called multilingual and someone who speaks two languages is bilingual, what do you call someone who speaks one language? The punchline: An American.

Ugh. That’s me, along with approximately 80% of Americans. While it’s not too late to start and reap certain brain-related benefits, my husband and I want our children (2 years and 9 months) to start learning as soon as possible. One of our goals is to encourage bilingualism (Spanish) to prepare our children for their future and communicating with others, in addition to any cognitive advantages.

There are challenges for monolinguals like me. I have a very basic understanding of Spanish. In high school I took French. French! It’s a beautiful language and has been helpful in learning Spanish, but in hindsight it is not the most useful now especially while living in Texas. So when I expose our sons to Spanish and learn along with them, I struggle with a limited vocabulary, verb conjugation, and pronunciation among other aspects. Fortunately there is an abundance of resources at our disposal to help on this journey.

What can a monolingual like me do to encourage the development of another language? Here are a few ideas:

Learn the Language: Unlike enrolling your child in swimming, dance, or music lessons where there is a traditional instructor, encouraging language development at home requires active participation from parents and caregivers. Yes, I could sign up the boys for language classes and perhaps someday I will. In the meantime, I feel it is necessary to communicate with them throughout the day in a variety of settings.  I’ll be honest: I’m a beginner. I’m not conjugating many verbs yet and have a lot to learn. And I see that as a fun adventure that we can enjoy together. Moreover, kids watch what we do so it only seems fair and sensible to lead by example. Before I had two kids under two, I really liked using Duolingo and Fluenz. Somehow I have less time for these now and learn along with our boys.

Make It Relevant- Incorporate the language into your normal routines to build connections to concrete objects and people. I narrate a lot of activities and observations in English and I try my best with words and phrases in Spanish while grocery shopping, getting dressed, driving, going for walks, cooking meals, playing with them, etc. Holding (when allowed), touching (gently!), smelling, and looking at an actual fish at the aquarium is more memorable and engaging than merely looking at a picture of one. My attempts are certainly not perfect, but I use what I know and I am continuing to learn. It’s a start and their brains are absorbing it.

Use Music: We love music! Whether we are actively singing along and dancing/drumming to the music or just listening to it while we color or eat a snack, this is a simple and fun way to expose kids to another language. And it’s helping my learning too! I remember lyrical grammar better than rules and conjugation charts, and kids do too. Bilingual songs are truly gems! We have a few cds from friends and rotate cds from the library. I am thrilled to add Kids’ Candor’s songs to our growing collection! Catchy lyrics and melodies stick, and if you’re like me, you may find yourself singing songs even when your children aren’t in the same room. (Anyone else?)

Read: Kids love being read to. We have bilingual books at home that our older son adores and we are fortunate that our library has a decent bilingual collection (as there should be in every public library… especially in Texas!). Two of his favorites are “Quiero a mi mamá porque...I Love My Mommy Because” and “Quiero a mi papá porque...I Love My Daddy Because” (as he should) and he loves learning all the animals’ names in English and Spanish. Because we read a lot of books, this is where I have learned the most grammar and verb conjugation. I have to sound out a lot of words, which is great modeling for kids learning to read, and I find it helps when books have pronunciation keys. When there isn’t one and I’m stuck, I usually ask my husband (who took Spanish in school but is the first to admit he is rusty), a friend, or Google Translate. In addition to books, look for other print materials to read to your kids such as food containers, signs, posters, and brochures.

Use Visuals: Act out what you are saying. Use hand gestures, body movements, and props too! This pairs well with using music and reading. Kids will remember more when they are able to include their own movements.

Encourage Practice with Others: If you are like us and speak predominantly one language at home, there are many ways to communicate with others in another language. If they can’t speak in person, active screen time like Skype and Facetime make it easy for audio and visual connections.Your friends and neighbors can be resources too. There may even be bilingual Meetup groups in your area. At our children’s museum and grocery stores, some employees wear “hablo español” buttons; I haven’t initiated conversations yet but plan to step out of my comfort zone by doing this soon.

Optimize Screen Time Wisely: I literally have to hide my cell phone from our kids. If I don’t, somehow our baby will chew on it so a puddle of his drool makes the touch screen inoperable or our toddler will hack his way into YouTube and veg out to 800 versions of “The Wheels on the Bus”. This interest isn’t necessarily bad and it is an opportunity for me to incorporate Spanish clips, playlists, and interactive apps for our toddler when he does use it or the iPad. It is important to distinguish between passive and active screen time and to acknowledge that each parent has his or her own limit and balance for how much is appropriate considering the context, content, and child. For our 2 year old, I try to limit passive screen time to less than an hour total a day and I am working on making the interactive components more accessible and navigable for him. As for tv shows, he doesn’t have the attention span to watch more than 3 minutes of any episode yet including “El Mundo De Elmo” and its English version “Elmo’s World”, which is fine with me, so this will be new when we get there. My hope is that I can use any screen time to include Spanish and less time passively watching animals riding a bus, unless it’s an autobús.

Repetition and consistency are important for kids to learn. Whichever ideas or combinations you are using or plan to use, try to do it every day. If you take a break, start again. If you’re considering another language and you’re a monolingual too, try starting with numbers and colors. Our toddler seemed to grasp these quickly and we can easily incorporate these into everyday activities. Consider joining your kids in the adventure! Kids are great at mimicking what they see. Whatever we are doing, they want to do it too.

What are some ways that you encourage bilingualism?

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¡Igualdad! Un regalo para los padres en su día. No cuesta dinero y lo puedes regalar ya.

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Fue refrescante ver un par de artículos en The Economist sobre la licencia de paternidad y cómo el ofrecer este tiempo libre a los papás trae ventajas y beneficios a largo plazo para toda la familia. Las mamás se benefician al permanecer más tiempo en su trabajo, recibiendo así mejores salarios y compartiendo con sus parejas el "segundo turno" de las tareas del hogar. Para los niños, la participación de los papás comienza con el cambio de pañales y a través de los años se transforma en una mayor participación en la educación de los hijos. Adicionalmente, los papás (en mi opinión) están así expuestos a las ocurrencias y los momentos felices con sus hijos, lo que se traduce en una vida más feliz y más plena.

Estados Unidos está atrasado, comparado con otros países, en lo que se refiere a leyes sobre licencia de maternidad. Las empresas tienden a compensar ofreciendo otros beneficios. Aunque no es óptimo, algo es algo. Nosotros, poniendo de nuestra parte, también podemos hacer cambios para llegar a la “igualdad para padres” y de esta manera crear una familia más fuerte.

Como sabemos, las mujeres suelen ser responsables de la mayor parte del trabajo doméstico y lo que tenga que ver con los niños. ¿Por qué? ¿Por qué no tenemos la igualdad en el hogar? Debido a las tradiciones, el machismo, la falta de apoyo de la sociedad, etcétera, etcétera, nosotras (las mujeres) creamos un conjunto de normas y responsabilidades que (las mujeres) creemos son nuestras obligaciones. Estoy generalizando y sobre todo hablo por mi experiencia, pero estoy segura de que muchos de ustedes se pueden identificar. Cómo madre me siento responsable por todo lo que tenga que ver con mis hijos, desde la ropa que llevan puesta, lo que comen, cómo se comportan, hasta su desarrollo, etc. Y esto es no sólo delante de extraños, sino también delante de mi esposo. Me he sorprendido respondiendo por mis hijos y “traduciendo” por ellos cuando mi esposo les hace una pregunta. ¿Qué está mal conmigo? Mi esposo le hizo una pregunta a nuestra hija y yo debería dejar que ella responda. Él entenderá su respuesta. No NECESITO traducir. 

La siguiente historia es un ejemplo clásico de cómo mi comportamiento perpetúa la falta de igualdad. Esta anécdota hizo que me diera cuenta de lo que yo estaba haciendo mal.  

¿Qué aprendí? Mi esposo no está husmeando en mi armario cuando yo no estoy (lo que es bueno saber), pero también durante seis meses nunca dejé que él cambiara, bañara o vistiera a nuestro bebé. No era su culpa que él no sabía dónde estaba la ropa; yo fui la que la escondí en mi armario. Desde entonces he cambiado mi comportamiento y no interfiero entre mis hijos y su padre. A él le encanta pasar tiempo con los niños y verlos crecer. Después de todo, él es su padre.

Estas son algunas recomendaciones que yo sigo para lograr la “igualdad paterna." Siga los consejos que le convenga y comparta con nosotros lo que le funciona a usted en la sección de comentarios.

1. Las conversaciones de los niños y su papá son entre ellos. No comente al menos que le pregunten algo o le inviten. No interrumpa, responda por sus hijos o “traduzca” la conversación. Ellos se entenderán.
2. No de consejos sin que se los pidan. Si papá quiere hacer una tarea (cocinar, limpiar, jugar, etc.) deje que lo haga a su manera. Mi esposo hace el desayuno los fines de semana y los niños comen el mismo menú que nosotros porque él sólo prepara un versión de huevos. Aprendí de él que los niños comen huevos revueltos con todo tipo de verduras y no hay necesidad de una tortilla con queso adicional para complacer gustos.
3. Si papá pide ayuda, enséñele a “pescar.” Muchas veces es mas fácil decir “Yo lo hago” cuando le piden ayuda, pero si papá está pidiendo ayuda es porque el quiere aprender y en un futuro no te pedirán ayuda porque ya lo saben hacer y tendrá más tiempo para usted. Es una inversión.
4. No caiga en la trampa de ¡Mamá , mamá , mamaaaá!" Enséñele a sus hijos que su papá sabe hacer de todo y que le deben pedir su ayuda.
5. ¡Pida ayuda! Aprendí que mi esposo quiere ayudar pero él no quiere interferir con mis cosas. Si yo le pido ayuda, él me ayuda ahorrándome mucho tiempo y energía. No lo puedo culpar por no ayudar si no le comunico bien que necesito ayuda. Un "por favor me ayudas con ... " es mucho más eficaz que la declaración agresiva pasiva "Veo que estás cómodo viendo la televisión. " ¡Él no puede leer mi mente y es mejor así!
6. Tiempo entre padres e hijos es necesario y es entre ellos. Este se aplica especialmente a los hogares multilingües. Si su pareja le habla a sus hijos en un idioma que usted no entiende, acéptelo y esté bien con eso. Su pareja también debe saber que es beneficioso para los niños aprender múltiples idiomas (incluso si usted o su pareja no saben el otro idioma.) He oído muchas historias de padres que desean enseñarle su lengua materna a sus hijos, pero tienden a hablar el idioma "de la casa" ya que no quieren que su pareja se sienta "incómodo." Ser padres es una experiencia incómoda, entre otras cosas. Haga lo que sea mejor para sus hijos.

PAPÁS: Además de que ustedes también pueden aplicar los mismos consejos, deben ser pacientes y no darse por vencidos. Si le pregunta a la madre de sus hijos por ayuda y ella responde con un "lo hago yo," responda "No, yo lo hago. Por favor, muéstrame cómo." O como dice mi hija de tres años, “Yo me ayudo.”

Buenos libros con consejos para padres son: The Expectant Father: Facts, Tips, and Advice for Dads-to-Be (New Father Series) and  The New Father: A Dad's Guide to the First Year. Ambas son guías escritas por padres para padres.

¡Feliz Día de los Padres!

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Guía para comenzar la enseñanza pre-escolar en casa

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Como ya saben los hijos no vienen con un manual de instrucciones. Me imagino que como muchas otras super mamás (así me dice mi hija) han buscado y requete-buscado recomendaciones de cómo y qué enseñarle a nuestros chiquitos desde que nacen. Tanta información puede ser confusa. Por este medio quiero compartir algunas de las cosas que yo he aprendido por experiencia y muchas horas de investigación en el tema de enseñanza a temprana edad. Como hay mucho que compartir, este blog está organizado en cuatro partes: áreas de desarrollo, objetivos de enseñanza, métodos y al final comparto materiales que hemos desarrollado para Kids’ Candor, los cuales también uso en casa. Espero que lo disfruten.

Áreas de desarrollo – Hay cuatro áreas en las que nos podemos concentrar al planificar actividades y juegos. Al enfocar nuestras energías en estas áreas, desarrollaremos en nuestros hijos habilidades que usarán para el resto de sus vidas. Estas son:

• Desarrollo físico: La capacidad de los niños de usar sus cuerpos, y el proceso por el cual adquieren patrones y habilidades de movimiento. Incluye el desarrollo de las siguientes habilidades:
  1. motriz finas – uso de músculos pequeños usualmente en coordinación con los ojos. Algunas de estas habilidades son el comer, dibujar, cortar, agarrar y vestirse.
  2. motoras gruesas – uso de grupos de músculos más grandes como los brazos y las piernas. Por ejemplo gatear, caminar, sentarse, ponerse de pie y saltar.

• Desarrollo social y emocional: La capacidad de comprender los sentimientos de los demás y controlar sus propios sentimientos y comportamientos. Incluye interactuar y relacionarse con otras personas, cooperar y responder a los sentimientos de otros.  

• Desarrollo cognitivo: La capacidad de obtener significado y conocimiento de la información y la experiencia; el pensar. Incluye aprendizaje, comprensión, resolver problemas, razonar y recordar.  

• Desarrollo del habla y lenguaje: La capacidad de hablar y entender lenguaje. Incluye hablar, utilizar lenguaje corporal y gestos, comunicarse y comprender lo que otros dicen.  

Estas habilidades se desarrollan según la edad y la experiencia de los niños. Como un niño de 3 meses tiene necesidades distintas a uno de 3 años, he dividido las áreas en cinco etapas de desarrollo según la edad (Vea Matriz de Objetivos del Desarrollo.) La edad es sólo una guía. Cada niño se desarrolla a un ritmo único. Tu conoces mejor a tu niño y podrás identificar mejor su etapa y ritmo de desarrollo. A medida que tu niño crece y aprende, debes proporcionar actividades que corresponden a sus necesidades de desarrollo. 

Aquí encontrarás más información sobre el marco educativo de Kids' Candor.

Objetivos de enseñanza: Piensa en las cosas que tu quieras que tus niños sepan o puedan hacer. Para comenzar haz una lista de objetivos a alto nivel. Algunos ejemplos son: formas, colores, el alfabeto, sentimientos, animales (fauna), plantas (flora), números, opuestos, etc. Hay muchos más. Te invito a que compartas los tuyos con las demás super mamas en los comentarios.

Ya que identificaste lo que quieras enseñar, debes definirlo en más detalle para que te puedas concentrar en lo que necesitas enseñarle a tu hijo según su edad. Aquí les muestro un ejemplo:

Aquí encontrarás un cuadro de trabajo que puedes usar como guía para que hagas tu propia matriz de objetivos de enseñanza.

Una vez definas los objetivos según la edad, puedes entonces enfocarte en escoger actividades educativas que te ayuden alcanzar los objetivos.

Métodos: De los métodos más recomendados, esto es lo que yo considero más adecuado para niños de tres años o menos. A mi me gusta seguir lo que se llama el Método Transaccional. Es un método de comunicación que se resume en dar y recibir. Es fácil de seguir y se ajusta según el desarrollo del niño. La madre, el padre o persona que cuida del niño debe tomar la iniciativa y le "da" enseñanza al niño, observa su respuesta "recibiendo" el mensaje y le vuelve a "dar" más. Esto se puede lograr describiendo la experiencia, prestando atención a cómo el niño responde y volviendo a repetir.

Por ejemplo, imagina que estás jugando con bloques de letras con tu hijo de año y medio. Tu le puedes decir: “Julián, te estoy pasando el bloque con la letra A.” Señala la letra y repite  “¿Me pasas la letra A?” Si el niño te pasa la letra correcta lo celebras, si te pasa otra letra, le enseñas con una simple oración como esta: “Esta es la letra B.” Y continua el juego. A esta temprana edad, lo más seguro parezca que el niño no está entendiendo mucho. Es parte del proceso. No te desanimes porque eventualmente tu hijo mostrará que todo este tiempo ha estado aprendiendo.

Materiales: Para optimizar el tiempo que pasas con el niño, procura tener una combinación de materiales a mano para hacer las interacciones más productivas. A esta temprana edad los niños aprenden mejor con juegos, música, libros y actividades educativas guiadas por un adulto.

Aquí les comparto algunos materiales para que comiencen la enseñanza.

Este modulo educativo fue creado pensando en niños de 2-3 años de edad, pero es flexible y también lo pueden disfrutar menores y mayores, con algunos ajustes a la manera de hacer las actividades.

(Aquí puedes encontrar la versión completa para descargar en español y en inglés Kit and Stage Cards)

Para seguir este modulo se necesitan los siguientes materiales:

Música: CD Original KC: Formas y Mas Formas (Descargue música aquí) Para acceso a más música subscríbete al canal de YouTube de Kids’ Candor

Libro: My Very First Book of Shapes / Mi Primer Libro de Figuras: Bilingual Edition (World of Eric Carle) 

Juguetes: Cubo de Clasificar Formas. Sugerimos: Melissa & Doug Shape Sorting Cube

KC Tarjetas de Aprendizaje – Formas (Descargue PDF listo para imprimir aquí)

Materiales adicionales:

      Cinta adhesiva 3M Masking Tape for Basic Painting, .94-Inch by 60.1-Yard

      Formas de papel de ceda – Corta diferentes formas usando papel de seda. Haz tamaños de 1-3 pulgadas usando diferentes colores. Papel de Seda, Varios Colores: Tissue Paper,  Assorted Colors

Tarjetas de Referencia :

20 Tarjetas de Actividades (Descargue PDF listo para imprimir aquí) – aquí incluimos 20 actividades que puedes hacer con tu hijo usando los materiales indicados. Estas tarjetas de actividades te indican qué materiales necesitas para la actividad, instrucciones fáciles de seguir, palabras claves que son relevantes para la actividad con la transcripción fonética aproximada en español o inglés. Te deja saber que habilidades tu hijo está desarrollando con la actividad y para qué etapa se recomienda. Todas las tarjetas de actividades están en español e inglés para tu conveniencia.

No hay una manera correcta o incorrecta de seguir el Módulo Educativo. Tu sabes lo que funciona mejor para ti y tu hijo. Aquí hay algunas sugerencias para que le saques el mejor provecho a tu experiencia.  

• Intenta hacer por lo menos una actividad al día. A medida que los niños crecen, van edificando sobre habilidades previamente dominadas, y van disfrutando nuevas actividades que cada vez son más exigentes. La rutina y la continuidad le ayudarán a tu hijo a sumar conocimientos nuevos a experiencias y lecciones ya aprendidas.
• Garantiza seguridad. Escoge un entorno que sea seguro y que promueva explorar y descubrir. Un piso abierto es la mejor opción. Escoge juguetes recomendados para el nivel según la edad de tu hijo, pero confía en tu propio juicio si tienes alguna inquietud. Supervisa a tu hijo mientras él interactúa con ellos.
• Presta atención al comportamiento de tu hijo para determinar si éste está cansando, sobre-estimulado o frustrado. Asegúrate de cambiar las actividades o tomar un descanso cuando sea necesario.
• Utiliza frases cortas, simples, pero gramaticalmente correctas cuando hables. Esto le ayudará a desarrollar el vocabulario a tu hijo.
• Haz que el tiempo de lectura sea divertido e incorpora juego. La atención a los libros es un proceso que se desarrolla lentamente, con el tiempo y experiencia.
• Canta y baila sin pena. Tu hijo no te criticará, si no que lo disfrutara mucho.
• Evita distracciones, guarda aparatos electrónicos y disfruta de este tiempo con tu hijo. Diviértanse y aprendan juntos.

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Men's equality! Why we are not doing more for that movement?

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It was refreshing to see a couple of articles in The Economist about paternity leave, and how the advantages of offering time off to dads brings long term benefits to the whole household. Moms are better off by staying longer in the workforce, receiving better pay and sharing with their partners the “second shift” of house shores. For children, dads’ involvement transforms through the years from changing diapers to educational. And dads (in my opinion) get exposed to more happy moments with their children, which translate to a happier and fuller life!

From a legislation standpoint, the United States is behind other countries on maternity leave. Corporations tend to compensate by offering benefits. Although it is not optimal, it’s something. We can also do our part to increase “men equality” and by doing so creating a stronger family.

As we know, women are usually responsible for the majority of the household work and child related shores. But, Why is that? Why don't we have equality at home? Due to traditions, machismo, lack of support from society, etcetera, etcetera, we (women) create a set of standards and responsibilities that we (women) believe are our obligations. I’m generalizing and mostly talking on my experience, but I’m sure some of you can relate. As a mother I feel responsible for what my children wear, eat, how they behave, their development, etc., and this is not only in front of strangers but also in front of my husband. I caught myself responding for my children and translating for them when my husband asks them a question. What is wrong with me? My husband asked our girl a question and I should let HER answer. He will make sense of her response. I don’t NEED to translate.

The following story is a classic example of how my behavior perpetuates the lack of “men equality”. This anecdote was a wake up call for me.

When our second child was about 6 months old, I took my first overnight trip for work since his birth. The nanny was in charge of covering my duties of taking them to daycare in the morning, picking them up in the afternoons, feeding, bathing and taking care of them until my husband got home from work. The father of my children was in charge of the night shift. I left that morning knowing that everything was going to be ok, but also second-guessing my choices of traveling for work and leaving my children behind. I tried not to overthink my choices; went on with my work responsibilities, and after a day of travel and work, I went to the hotel and had the best night of sleep in years. The alarm woke me up at 6am. I looked at my phone and had a missed call from my husband from 3am in the morning. OMG! Is everything ok? You can only imagine where my imagination took me, and the feeling of guilt that sunk my heart. I called him right the way. He told me everything was ok and shared his story. The night before, the baby woke up crying asking for milk around 1am. My husband was ready with a warm bottle and put him to sleep again. The baby felt sleep for a while but he was missing “the boob,” so he cried again. My husband, half asleep, grab the bottle again and took what he thought was the cap out but in reality was the nipple. He proceeded to feed the baby (with a bottle with no nipple) and pretty much "water boarded" our baby with breastmilk. The baby was all wet so my husband looked for clothes to change him. He didn't know where the baby's clothes were (in my closet). He found a change of clothes in the diaper bag, changed the baby and fed him a new bottle. The new bottle leaked and the baby's clothing got wet again. My husband could not find more clothes so he called me at 3:00 am. I didn't respond; I was having a great night of sleep! He gave up and dressed the baby with some of his sister's clothes.

What did I realize? My husband is not snooping around my closet when I’m not around (which is good to know), but also that for six months I never let him change, bathe or dress our baby. It was not his fault he didn’t know where the baby’s clothes were; I was the one hiding them in my closet. Since then, I changed my behavior and I don’t get on the way between my children and their father. He loves to spend the time with the kids and watch them grow. After all, he is their father!

Here are some of the tips I keep in mind to achieve “Men equality.” Feel free to use the ones that you find useful and share with us others that work for you.

1. Papá and children’s conversations are between them. Don’t join unless you are invited. Don’t interrupt, answer for your children, or translate the conversation. They will figure it out.
2. Don’t give unsolicited advice. If Papá wants to do a chore (cook, clean, play, etc.), let him do it his way. My husband makes breakfast in the weekends, and the kids eat the same menu as us because he only makes one batch of eggs. I learned from him that the kids will eat scramble eggs with all kinds of veggies, and there is no need for an additional cheese-only omelet.
3. If Papá asks for help, teach him “how to fish.” The easiest response when asked for help is: “let ME do it,” but if dad is asking for help is because he wants to learn and in the future he wont be needing your help so you will get more “me time.”
4. Don’t fall for “Mamá, mamá, mamaaaá!.” Teach your children to ask Papá for help. He is also very resourceful.
5. Ask for help! I found that my husband wants to help me, but he also wants to stay out of my way. If I ask him for help, he will help, saving me lots of time and energy. I can’t resent him for not helping if I don’t properly communicate that I need help. A “please help me with …” is way more effective than the passive aggressive statement: “I see you are comfortable watching TV.” He can’t read my mind and that is a good thing!
6. One-on-one time is a must and it’s between two. This one specially applies to multilingual households. If your partner speaks to your children in a language you don’t understand, you should be ok with that. Your partner should also know that it’s not only OK but beneficial to the children to be raised multilingual (even if you or your partner don’t know the other language.) I heard too many stories of parents that would like to teach their first language to their children but gravitate to speak the “household” language because they don’t want to make their partner “uncomfortable.” Newsflash: parenting is uncomfortable! Do what is best for your children.

DADS: In addition to applying the same advice, you should also be patient and don’t give up. If you ask the mother of your children for help and she responds with “I WILL DO IT,” say “No, I will. Please show me how.”

Also the books: The Expectant Father: Facts, Tips, and Advice for Dads-to-Be (New Father Series) and  The New Father: A Dad's Guide to the First Year are two good reads for dads from a dad.

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Traveling with small children. It’s possible and it can even be fun.

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Traveling with small children is not an easy task but if you take some simple steps to prepare your ride will be smoother and more enjoyable than expected.

Last week we traveled as a family and even though I had other adults with me on the first half of the trip, somehow the kids wanted to be with their mom, ME (especially when they were screaming). The last leg of the trip was just three of us, my one-year-old boy (who is the size of a two year old and moves a lot), my three-year-old girl (who loves attention, especially when her brother needs me) and me.

Including car, trains, and planes we logged over 30 hours of being strapped into a chair and/or confined to a very small space in less than a week. The set up sounds like the plot of a bad comedy movie, but in reality we had a great time, it was worth the trouble and I will do it all over again (and mostly likely I will in several months.)

With this blog entry I’m sharing some tips that work for me when I travel with my children. Feel free to use the ones that you find useful and share with us others that work for you.

What to take with you?

For a plane ride make sure you have enough:

1. As healthy as possible “FUN” food – I recommend fruit (apple slices, strawberries, etc.), cookies, crackers, chips, and other finger food. Also a good substitute for lunch if your travel coincides with meal times such as a chicken fingers or a sandwich. Bring enough for the little ones and for you.

2. Diapers and wipes – calculate the number you think you need and double the amount. Once, I ran out of diapers because of unexpected diarrhea and it was not fun. You will need the extra wipes to clean surfaces, your child and you.

3. Extra changes of clothing - for your child and for you. Yes for you. Somehow your child will find a way to make you dirty and unpresentable before you get to your destination (especially if you are carrying him in your lap.)

4. Sippy cups that don’t spill – no matter how well trained your child is, he will find a way to spill his drink. Also Murphy’s law doesn’t fail. If you don’t bring an extra shirt or a Sippy cup you will wish you did. I also love the "snackable" bowls  (Munchkin Two Snack Catchers, Colors May Vary) and these portable placemats (Summer Infant Tiny Diner Portable Placemat, Green)

5. New small and quiet games – they don’t have to be new new, but they should feel like new for your children so they will be excited and entertained for a while and you will get a moment of peace. Target has a great section of $1 items that are perfect like mini coloring books, puzzles, toys, etc. There is a 95% chance that your child will drop a part of the game or toy on the plane and you would never find it, so the fact they cost only $1 is perfect. I like to bring crayons, makers and paper. If you do, make sure they are washable (Crayola Ultraclean Broadline Classic Washable Markers (10 Count)) so you can wipe the seat, tray and passenger seating next to your child.

6. Disposable plastic bags – best way to contain the trash you will produce. I always found it impossible to hand out the trash when the flight attendant passes by asking for it. And if you call them to pick it up when you can give it to them, they won’t take it. I love this compact bag dispenser (Munchkin Arm and Hammer Diaper Bag Dispenser, Colors May Vary). 

7. Imagination and seek for opportunities to teach – this experience is probably very new for your child. How many times a year does he gets to see a real pilot, plane, airport? Make the best out of it and take advantage of it. My daughter loves the Safety Brochures. She calls them “el mapa”. She loves to browse them and I take the opportunity to ask her to find all the numbers, letters and objects. Most of the times they are simple pictures with words in Spanish and English. Perfect!

8. Time - You will need extra time to pass security because it’s guarantee they will check every single bag you have. Plus you will have to do the extra pat down and they will check your hands for explosives (twice) because you are carrying two extra ounces of milk. Don’t fight it. It’s what it is. If you pass security quickly, enjoy the extra time watching at the planes arrive and take off from the gate.

9. Patience and a sense of humor – Keep in mind that travel is temporary. In your long life this is only a very tiny fraction and it will pass quickly. Don't try to control every second, you will be setting yourself up for failure.

For a road trip bring everything above plus:

1. A sand bucket! – It’s not only great to play at the beach but it could be repurposed as an emergency potty. You can also bring a portable training potty (MasterPro 2-in-1 Potette Plus Blue) but a potty can’t be used as a bucket to play in the sand and it’s not so easy to carry it around no matter how portable is it.

Don’t forget to include in your luggage your children's favorite book, some toys, their soap, lotion, diapers, sunscreen, etc. Depending on where you are going you can buy that stuff when you get there but why spend time at the store when you can be out exploring the world!

What to leave behind:

1. Guilt – don’t feel guilty if your children cry, scream, spill or do something embarrassing. You know that you are doing your best to keep the situation under control and I guarantee there are adults that behave worse than children when traveling. "Keep Calm and Carry On"

 Do you have any tips for us? Share your experiences in the comments section!

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My new job: #SAHM. Scratch that: #WFHM

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About a month ago, due to circumstances beyond my control I became a “Stay at Home Mom”. After many years of working full time and only taking a break for B-school (which is like a job) and for two maternity leaves (which are like super jobs) I welcome the change. Yeah! #SAHM

This new “stage” in my life is giving me more time with my children (an almost 3-year-old girl and a one-year-old boy), which is awesome. Now that I’m spending more time with them I realize the things I was doing well as a mother (I believe all mothers do the best they can), but more importantly, where we as parents can step up our game. An area where we are doing OK, but we can do better is teaching them Spanish (mine and my husband’s native tongue) so that it will be their first language.

At home we only speak Spanish but the reality is that English is becoming our children’s first language. English is what they are exposed to at daycare, other friends, at the park, books, toys, TV, online and outside when they live the house. I accepted that I have to “compensate” for Spanish if I want my kids to be at the same level in both languages: speak, read, write, and think in Spanish.

My 3-year old is pretty much bilingual. She can communicate in both English and Spanish. She switches back and forth depending on who she is talking to, and if she is asked basic things like colors or numbers in a specific language she can tell without hesitation. But considering the emphasis we put in Spanish at home, her English is better. When I realized that she could read the letters in English but not in Spanish, I made a point to teach her. I went looking for educational materials (flashcards, books, etc.), and was surprised to find that the quality of the resources to teach Spanish was not up to par with the English versions.

I guess it’s ok; after all English is the most commonly used language in the US (by Wikipedia). Even though it’s unfortunate that resources and materials in Spanish are limited (I imagine it’s worse for other languages), must we accept inadequate, partial, insufficient, and sometimes erroneous material in other languages? Hell NO! I refuse! That right there is the end of my #SAHM because I just became a working from home mom. #WFHM

My new job is to advocate for Bilingual and Multilanguage households and to find, improve, create and innovate until there are proper resources to empower families to teach their children their language* of preference. (* I’m starting with Spanish because that is what I know, but once I get it down the process will continue J)

I’m starting this new role by sharing with you my review of the materials I’m using to teach my kids the alphabet in Spanish. Hopefully my experiences will make your life easier.

 Munchkin Traveling Flash Cards (D-)

What tools and you using to teach your children the alphabet in Spanish?